Diary - Definition and Examples

Journal s A journal is an individual record of occasions, encounters, musings, and perceptions. We talk with the missing by letters, and with ourselves by journals, says Isaac DIsraeli in Curiosities of Literature (1793). These books of record, he says safeguard what wear out in the memory, and . . . render to a man a record of himself to himself. In this sense, journal composing might be viewed as a sort of discussion or monolog just as a type of collection of memoirs. In spite of the fact that the peruser of a journal is generally just the creator herself, once in a while journals are distributed (much of the time after a creators passing). Notable diarists incorporate Samuel Pepys (1633-1703), Dorothy Wordsworth (1771-1855), Virginia Woolf (1882-1941), Anne Frank (1929-1945), and Anaã ¯s Nin (1903-1977). As of late, developing quantities of individuals have started keeping on the web journals, for the most part as sites or web diaries. Journals are here and there utilized in leading exploration, especially in the sociologies and in medication. Examination journals (additionally called field notes) fill in as records of the exploration procedure itself. Respondent journals might be kept by the individual subjects taking an interest in an examination venture. Etymology: From the Latin, day by day stipend, day by day diary Passages From Famous Diaries Passage From Virginia Woolfs DiaryEaster Sunday, April twentieth, 1919. . . The propensity for composing for my eye just is acceptable practice. It releases the tendons. . . What kind of journal would it be a good idea for me to like mine to be? Something free sew but then not messy, so versatile that it will grasp anything, grave, slight or lovely that comes into my psyche. I should like it to take after some profound old work area, or substantial hold-all, where one excursions a mass of miscellaneous items without looking them through. I should get a kick out of the chance to return, following a year or two, and find that the assortment had arranged itself and refined itself and combine, as such stores bafflingly do, into a shape, sufficiently straightforward to mirror the best part of us, but consistent, quiet mixes with the reserved quality of a work of art.(Virginia Woolf, A Writers Diary. Harcourt, 1953)I get mental fortitude by perusing [Virginia Woolfs Diary]. I feel exceptio nally likened to her.(Sylvia Plath, cited by Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar in No Mans Land. Yale University Press, 1994) Selection From Sylvia Plaths DiaryJuly 1950. I may never be cheerful, however today around evening time I am content. Just an unfilled house, the warm dim exhaustion from a day spent setting strawberry sprinters in the sun, a glass of cool sweet milk, and a shallow dish of blueberries washed in cream. At the point when one is so worn out toward the finish of a the very beginning must rest, and at the following first light there are more strawberry sprinters to set, thus one continues living, close to the earth. Now and again like this Id consider myself a numb-skull to request more . . ..(Sylvia Plath, The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath, ed. Karen V. Kukil. Stay Books, 2000)Excerpts From Anne Franks DiaryNow Im back to the point that incited me to keep a journal in any case: I dont have a friend.â€Å"Who else yet me is ever going to peruse these letters?†(Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl, ed. by Otto H. Honest and Mirjam Pressler. Doubleday, 1995) Musings and Observations on Diaries Safires Rules for Keeping a DiaryFor people scared by their own journals, here are a bunch of rules:Four rules are sufficient standards. Most importantly, expound on what got to you that day . . ..(William Safire, On Keeping a Diary. The New York Times, September. 9, 1974)You own the journal, the journal doesnt own you. There are numerous days in for our entire lives about which the less composed the better. On the off chance that you are the kind of individual who can just keep a journal on a customary calendar, topping off two pages not long before you hit the sack, become another kind of person.Write for yourself. The focal thought of a journal is that you are not composing for pundits or for family yet are composing a private letter to your future self. In the event that you are trivial, or misguided, or miserably passionate, relaxâ€if there is anyone who will comprehend and excuse, it is your future self.Put down what can't be remade. . . . [R]emind yourself of the powerful c lose to home second, the comment you wish you had made, your expectations about the result of your own tribulations.Write clearly. . . . Vita Sackville-West on Capturing Moments[T]he fingers which have once become used to a pen before long tingle to hold one once more: it is important to compose, if the days are not to slip emptily by. By what other method, in fact, to applaud the net over the butterfly existing apart from everything else? For the second passes, it is overlooked; the disposition is gone; life itself is no more. That is the place the essayist scores over his colleagues: he gets the alters of his perspective on the hop.(Vita Sackville-West, Twelve Days, 1928)David Sedariss DiariesAt the beginning of my second year [of college]. I pursued an experimental writing class. The teacher, a lady named Lynn, requested that we each keep a diary and that we give up it twice over the span of the semester. This implied Id be composing two journals, one for myself and a second, vigorously altered one, for her.The sections I at last submitted are the sorts I read in front of an audience in some cases, the .01 percent that may conceivably qualify as engaging: a joke I heard, a T-shirt trademark, a touch of inside data passed on by a server or cabdriver.(David Sedaris, Lets Explore Diabetes With Owls. Hachette, 2013) Exploration DiariesA research journal ought to be a log or record of everything that you do in your examination venture, for instance, recording thoughts regarding conceivable exploration themes, database look through you attempt, your contacts with research study destinations, get to and endorsement procedures and troubles you experience and survive, and so on. The exploration journal is where you ought to likewise record your musings, individual reflections and bits of knowledge into the examination process.(Nicholas Walliman and Jane Appleton, Your Undergraduate Dissertation in Health and Social Care. Wise, 2009)Christopher Morley on DiaristsThey index their minutes: Now, presently, now,Is Actual, in the midst of the fugitive;Take ink and pen (they state) for that is howWe catch this flying life, and make it live.So to their little pictures, and they sieveTheir joys: fields turned by the plough,The radiance that mid year nightfalls give,The razor curved of an extraordinary boats b ow.O brave impulse, indiscretion for mens mirth!Type can't copy and shimmer on the page.No sparkling ink can make this composed wordShine sufficiently clear to talk the respectable rageAnd instancy of life. All pieces blurredThe unexpected state of mind of truth that gave them birth.(Christopher Morley, Diarists. Chimneysmoke, George H. Doran, 1921) â€Å"I never travel without myâ diary. One ought to consistently have something exciting to readâ inâ the train.†(Oscar Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest, 1895)It appears to me that the issue withâ diaries, and the explanation that the greater part of them are so exhausting, is that consistently we waver between inspecting our hangnails and guessing on astronomical order.(Ann Beattie, Picturing Will, 1989)

The Last Leaf free essay sample

The Last Leaf (by O. Henry) Analysis O. Henry is one of the most acclaimed American short story scholars. His genuine name was William Sydney Porter and he was conceived on September 11, 1862. In 1894 was blamed for taking cash and went to jail. While in jail Porter previously began to compose short stories. After Porter was discharged, he changed his name to O. Henry and distributed his accounts in magazines. O. Henry’s short stories are popular for their unexpected endings and amusingness. O. Henrys composed such great short stories as The Ransom of Red Chief, â€Å"The Gift of the Magi† and â€Å"The Furnished Room†. One of his accounts with shock endingis The Last Leaf. The topic of the story is trust conviction and altruism. At the point when Mr. Behrman knows about the seriousness of Johnsy’s condition, he chooses to help. So Johnsy will be persuaded to battle the pneumonia, he paints the specific picture of the keep going leaf on the branch outside her window the day the last leaf fell. The story foreshadows him painting the leaf in that he is continually discussing the perfect work of art he is going to paint and how he is a defender of the two young ladies that live above him. Presently the induction that can be taken from his activities is that he had contacted nobody with his specialty he had no evident gems. By painting the last leaf he safeguarded that johnsy would be influenced by his specialty even just to get her through her ailment. He paints a leaf in the heavy storm only for her thus she would get through. She understood her silliness when the leaf had grave and made a total turnaround. The work done by Behrman spared her life he affected a crowd of people witch is all any craftsman can request. The incongruity that his best work made him lose his life it is additionally worth investigating. He still couldn't seem to arrive at anything of significant worth tell this leaf and he kicks the bucket two days after the fact before Johnsy even comprehends what he had accomplished for her. He doesn’t even get the opportunity to check whether he would get through. This incongruity could be to show the amount of a penance he made or to delineate exactly the amount he thought about these two ladies that lived above him. He gave all he needed to give Johnsy a possibility of living. This implies there is something else entirely to the relationship of those in this structure other then similarly as living respectivel y. He thinks about them that is clear however why. He is by all accounts unforgiving toward them and the main explanation you could put on it is on the grounds that they pay him to be a model and he didn’t need to lose them in such manner. This despite everything appears to be stopped cold and unclear, not so much a decent spot to end a story. There isn't a lot to work with to shape a contention of why witch I take as it leaves it to the peruser to legitimize his activities this permits every peruser think of an alternate explanation that works for them. This makes it to where every peruser leave content with the closure however this is rendered point less by the way that one can essentially observe it when attempting to look past the surface. The connection among Johnsy and Sue is far nearer than only that of flat mates. One bit of proof toward this is the manner by which outraged Sue becomes when the specialist asks it there is a man in Johnsy’s life. This demonstrates Sue doesn’t need there to be and dislikes the thought. For what reason would a flat mate disapprove of a more abnormal inquiring as to whether there was man in their roommate’s life? This includes a feeling of care toward Johnsy and potentially a need for her not to discover a man. Later in a similar explanation Sue asked, â€Å"is a man worth† however gets herself, at that point just answers the doctor’s question. Demonstrating she has a low worth of men and tends not to take them with much worth. The specialist is soliciting on the grounds from attempting to check whether Johnsy has anything to live for. It appears Sue disapproves of the way that she isn’t sufficient to live for.. At a certain point in the story Johnsy is discussing how she can’t hold back to kick the bucket and Sue asks her,† What might I manage without you†. This appears as though she is more worried than just with the following month’s lease. Another bit of proof that Sue and Johnsy who are two lady living alone together when the new century rolled over this story is set at some point during the 1890s. It’s very odd that two ladies of this timeframe would live respectively particularly alone and without a man. There are an on various occasions where Sue holds Johnsy, presently this could be excused as her companion is passing on yet combined with other proof it is conceivable to finish up there is all the more going on. There is another piece of the story where johnsy apologizes for how she treated Sue why she was debilitated. She is profoundly regretful and tends utilizations Sues pet name of Sudie just because. Their relationship is extremely inborn and has a sentimental component to it. To be straightforward when I previously skimmed this I thought it was a man who was wiped out and a lady he cherished thinking about him however while experiencing more top to bottom for my paper I understood it was two ladies. The contention they are more than flat mates has significantly more weight than most would concede. This hits they could be a sentimental couple however this is never conceded. Despite the fact that this could be considered on why Sue prevents herself from completing her idea before the specialist and could include another component of how Behrman secures these ladies. The proof focuses one course that is difficult to overlook. The keep going point to concentrate on in this harmony is that it a negative tone in spite of the way that the finish of the story Johnsy lives. The main negative perception is when johnsy is wanting for death. This is a negative thing when somebody wants for death it for the most part is an indication of extraordinary inconvenience or a supplication for help. Johnsy appears to be nearly energized at the possibility of being finished with this ailment that is attacking her body. The imagery is additionally darker in nature contrasting Johnsy with a fallen white sculpture is one such model. This paints a tragic picture that this poor young lady isn't long for this world. Another utilization of artistic gadgets in a contrary since is when pneumonia is embodied as a man murdering individuals left and right. This causes it to appear as a sequential executioner instead of an illness. Some may contend that the completion is glad Johnsy lives however at what cost. Passing at long last despite everything ends an existence of a man that offered everything to spare a young lady that had no expectation in her own endurance. There is a line in the story that Johnsy says when she understands how sullen her viewpoint has been that summarizes it quite well considering it a transgression how she had been acting. Johnsy all through the story requests things from Sue, for example, requiring the blinds to be opened so she can see the ivy vine. This shows she wasn’t extremely pleasant to her in while she was debilitated. The specialist gives Johnsy a 10 to 1 possibility this is gloomy news. Sue try’s to cause it to appear to be better by contrasting it with passing by new structures in the city. In spite of the fact that this has little impact and is shot down by Johnsy. All through the story dim tones cause it to appear to be hopeless and when expectation is given it is immediately shot down. This establishes a pace of antagonism in the entire story. This tone helps attract the peruser planted to a pitiful enthusiastic state and tends for them to see Johnsy circumstance as sad. The tales purposes of investigations are that of their relationship being all the more at that point flat mates, why Behrman painted the leaf, and the negative tone of the story. These all can be investigated to an extraordinary profundity and appeared from multiple points of view. The connections of this story are what make it a fascinating piece. This story has numerous layers and O’Henry has made a really enduring story that has an incentive a long ways past that of a typical short story that will guarantee this one going on for a very long time.

The Grilled Cheese of My Dreams

The Grilled Cheese of My Dreams For those of you who visit  this blog regularly, I’m sure you’ve gathered by now that I’m a bit of a foodie. A well-planned meal is often the light at the end of the tunnel for me, and this week has already been particularly stressful, so I really needed a mood lift. I often check the dining hall app on my phone ahead of time to see what each location is serving, just so I know what to look forward to. A personal favorite is the “Make Your Own Grilled Cheese Bar” on Tuesdays at the Ikenberry Dining Hall, also known as the Ike. The entire process takes about 5 minutes. You can pick the type of bread, cheese, and toppings you like, and then it’s prepared for you. There are a ton of options, but I always opt for the classic; white bread with cheddar cheese. My friend, who’s a bit more adventurous, added Swiss cheese and bacon to hers. I like to pair my grilled cheese with tomato soup and a yogurt parfait. Now let me tell you about this grilled cheese. It’s no ordinary sandwich. The surface of the bread is crisped to perfection a satisfactory golden brown. And when you pull the sandwich apart, you can see how the melted cheese has the perfect texture. The bread to cheese ratio is spot on, and overall, makes for the ultimate dining hall grilled cheese experience. It literally makes my day. gif from tumblr So for all you grilled cheese connoisseurs out there, the Ike is the place to be on Tuesdays. Chances are, you’ll see me there. Ria Class of 2018 I'm studying both Finance and Information Systems and Information Technology in the Gies College of Business. I’m from Los Altos, California.

Essay on American Slavery - 2920 Words

American Slavery Between 1830 and 1860, a time of increasing national divisions over slavery, numerous accounts of slave life were published. These accounts of life under slavery almost invariably had either abolitionist or pro slavery agendas. Slaves in the ante-bellum South lived under a wide variety of circumstances, and held a variety of positions, including household servant, wagon driver, iron foundry workers and skilled artisan. Nine out of ten slaves however, worked as farm laborers, growing cotton, tobacco, rice, and other products. About half of these laborers worked on large plantations of twenty slaves or more, while the others worked on smaller and poorer farms, often alongside their master. Patterns of life on†¦show more content†¦Then he must work all day, cold or hot, from week’s end to week’s end. Slaves have one pair of shoes for the year; if these become worn out in two months, they get no more that year, but must go barefooted the rest of the year, through cold and heat. The shoes are very poor ones, made by one of the slaves, and do not last more than two or three months. They get one pair of stockings for the year. They have one suit of clothes for the year. This is very poor, and made by the slaves themselves on the plantation. It will not last more than three months, and then the slave gets no more from the slave holder, if he go naked. This suit consists of one shirt, one pair of pants, one pair of socks, one pair of shoes, and no vest at all. The slave has a hat given to him once in two years. â€Å"No beds are given to the slaves to sleep on; if they have any they found it themselves.† â€Å" A physician in Alabama wrote in the Southern Cultivator in 1850: One of the most prolific sources of disease among Negroes is the condition of there houses.... Small, low, tight and filthy; there houses can be but laboratories of disease. (Rogers 8) †Every Saturday night , the slaves receive two pounds of bacon, and one peck and a half of corn meal, to last the men through the week. The women have one half pound of meat, and one peck of corn meal. The children, one half peck of each. When this mere food is gone they have noShow MoreRelatedAmerican Slavery, American Freedom Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesEdmund S. Morgan’s famous novel American Slavery, American Freedom was published by Norton in 1975, and since then has been a compelling scholarship in which he portrays how the first stages of America began to develop and prosper. Within his researched narrative, Morgan displays the question of how society with the influence of the leaders of the American Revolution, could have grown so devoted to human freedom while at the same time conformed to a system of labor that fully revoked human dignityRead MoreAmerican Slavery1079 Words   |  5 Pagespopulation increased. Planters turned to African slaves to replace the white servants, in this manner elevated the status of poor whites. There were three structural changes: the decline of opportunity, the beginnings of natural increase, and the rise of slavery. By 1680 tobacco prices declined so much that planters earned barely enough income to recover their costs of production, and tobacco prices went below that level. But in 1740 the tobacco prices began to rise, however not having the tobacco boomRead MoreJustification of American Slavery2267 Words   |  10 Pagesearly 1600s, the majority of Indentured Servants were Native Americans. However, due to the increasing death toll of the Native American people as an result of European diseases. As a result, the percentage of indentured servants slowly shifted towards the African community as time progressed. At the time, colonialist had no problem justifying indentured servants into slavery. There were five major methods in justifying slavery. One of these methods was a biblical justification, referringRead MoreSlavery And The American Revolution2902 Words   |  12 PagesThat is the reason behind me choosing my topic on slavery in that era because it is such a wide and important topic with so much relevance and importance to creating the U.S. that we live in today not only building the foundation but creating the melting pot that the U.S. prides itself on. Within the body of this essay we will discussing many important topics on slavery including the Haitian Revolution, Brazil being the last country to abolish slavery, showing the difference between women and men slavesRead MoreAmerican Slavery in 1600s 2755 Words   |  11 PagesAmerican Slavery Slavery became an established activity in America by 1600’s. The slaves were mostly to provide free and cheap labor. Apart from America, slavery was practiced in other parts of the world throughout history, and in fact it can be traced back to the time of the ancient civilization. With industrial revolution especially with the rise of sugar plantations, the slaves were used to grow sugar in the periods from 1100. This intensified between 1400 and 1500 when Portugal and Spain venturedRead MoreSlavery And The American Dream1393 Words   |  6 PagesSlaves they are products of a lost mind and irresponsible love. Now when I say a slave I am not talking about someone who is the property of someone else that must obey his or her every command. I am talking about the slavery of the mind that has run like wild fire among the black community. However sad it may be, our own kind are making their children into slaves. There are few things that have had such an impact on making slaves a s the topics that I am about to mention. Which all will take placeRead MoreSlavery And Circuses : The Development Of Race And American Slavery Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery and Circuses: The Development of Race and American Slavery as a Result of Fabricated Class Divisions Imposed by the Jamestown Elite The rise of slavery in mid-seventeenth century Jamestown brought forth a new system of economic and political organization that reinforced not only the older class divisions, but also reinvigorated the already existent, but limited racial divide. From the beginning, the Virginia Company was incorporated on a disastrous union of these two forces. The failure toRead MoreAmerican Slavery Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery, especially in America, has been an age old topic of riveting discussions. Specialist and other researchers have been digging around for countless years looking for answers to the many questions that such an activity provided. They have looked into the economics of slavery, slave demography, slave culture, slave treatment, and slave-owner ideology (p. ix). Despite slavery being a global issue, the main focus is always on American slavery. Peter Kolchin effectively illustrates in his bookRead MoreSlavery : The African American Slavery2189 Words   |  9 PagesA PUSH - Steiker Period 6 Slavery 1775 - 1830 â€Å"Those who will not reason, are bigots, those who cannot, are fools, and those who dare not, are slaves, † said George Gordon Byron. Though slavery has never had a universal definition, one might describe it as the dependent labour by one person performed to another who is not of his or her family. It was thought to have come about after a dramatic labour shortage in particular areas or countries. In America, slavery has always been a highly debatedRead MoreSlavery And The Making Of American Capitalism1153 Words   |  5 PagesJose Arciga Robert Dean History 110 11.10.15 Essay Prompt The Half Has Never Been Told :Slavery and the making of American Capitalism Back when America was being shaped, tobacco was the main slave produced trade in the colonies. Plantations all across the south had a majority of the slaves from Africa brought here on ships. Forced to work for their slave owners. Tobacco wasn t the only booming business. Cotton soon came into the picture, the north was a more industrial economy, while the south

Christmas Acrostic Poem Simple and Fun Christmas Activity

Are you in need of a quick Christmas poetry lesson plan to share with your students tomorrow? Consider practicing acrostic poetry with your students. Acrostic poetry is a quick and easy activity that can take five minutes or thirty minutes, depending upon how much time you want to spend on the activity. Instructions All you have to do is have students choose a Christmas-related word and come up with phrases or sentences for each letter of that word. The phrases or sentences must correlate with the main topic of the word. When teaching your students this lesson, follow these quick tips: Model the format of acrostic poems with your students. Work together to write a collective acrostic poem on the whiteboard.Give your students a Christmas-related word so that they can write their own acrostic poem. Consider: December, cheer, Rudolph, presents, family, snowman, or Santa Claus. Discuss the meaning of these words and the importance of family and giving during the Christmas season.Give your students time to write their acrostic poems. Circulate and offer guidance as needed.If you have time, allow the students to illustrate their poems. This project makes a great bulletin board display for December, especially if you do it early in the month!Encourage your students to give their acrostic poems to family members or friends on Christmas morning. It would make for a great handmade gift. Examples Here are three sample Christmas acrostic poems. Read each one to your students to give them an example of what they can do with their own poems. Sample #1 S - Sliding down the chimney A - Always spreading cheer N - Needing cookies and milk T - Trains his reindeer A - At my house on Christmas Eve! C - Children cant sleep because of excitement! L - Listening for hooves on the rooftop A - Act good all year U - Usually my favorite day of the year S - Seasons Greetings, Santa! Sample #2 M - Many friends and family gather together to E - Enjoy the holiday! R - Ready to eat and drink with them R - Reindeer on their way. Y - Yuletide carols are sung by the tree C - Christmas is upon us as we H - Hear the caroling. R - Ready for some fun and games I - Indoors and outdoors. S - Sitting by the fire with T- The best family. M - Missing our lost loved ones A - As we enjoy our holiday. S - Start the party, we are ready for Christmas! Sample #3 H - Hooray, for the holidays are finally here! O - Outside in the snow is fun L - Laughing, playing with everyone! I - Inside is so warm and cozy D - Dad makes hot cocoa by the fire A - And mom is there to warm me up Y - Yes! How I love the holidays S - Santa is on his way!

Hock Free Essays

string(61) " hold it as close to or as far from their eyes as they wish\." Hock Studies Set 2 Study #1 Reading 14: Just How are you intelligent? Garder, H. (1983) Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Main focus or purpose: Howard Garder introduced to the world this new view of multiple intelligences. We will write a custom essay sample on Hock or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Just how are you intelligent? † is unrelated to amount of overall intelligence and asks instead about the nature of your particular type of intelligence. Primary Research Methods: Gardner developed a set of either indicators or â€Å"signs† that define intelligence. Any intellectual ability, or set of abilities, must map onto most of these criteria, if it is to be considered a separate, autonomous intelligence. Main Results Reported: Each different type of intelligence varied in results. The following were tested Linguistic intelligence- able to use words that are more skillful. Musical Intelligence- gifted abilities involving sound, especially pitch, timbre and rhythm. Logical-mathematical intelligence- analyzes and computes various relationships among abstract objects, concepts, and ideas. Spatial intelligence- skilled in creating, visualizing, and manipulating mental images. Intrapersonal intelligence- able to understand who you are. Weaknesses or Critique: Some concerns based on learning disabilities—how they would test differently. Some argue that not all intelligence was properly tested by Garder—â€Å"sexual intelligence, digital intelligence† Importance/Value: As human beings its important for us to understand which part of our brain is strongest. It can help one find a well fitting job later on. People want to practice what they are naturally good at—so testing this is important. Study #2 Reading 25- Are you the master of your fate? Rotter, J. B. (1966) Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80, 1-28 Main focus or purpose: Are the consequences of your behavior under your personal control or are they determined by forces outside of yourself? Rotter wanted to study differences among people on this dimension and, rather then simply asking them, e developed a test that measured a person’s locus of control. Primary Research Methods: Rotter designed a scale containing a series of many pairs of statements. Each pair consisted of on statement reflecting an internal locus of control and one reflecting an external locus of control. Those taking the test were told to select the one statement of each pair, which you more strongly believe to be the case. This is a measure of personal belief. Rotter called his test to I-E scale. Main Results Reported: Gambling- individuals identified as internals by the I-E scale tended to prefer betting on sure things. Persuasion- internals were found to be more successful than externals in altering the attitudes of others. Achievement motivation-plans to attend college, amt of time spent on hw—more likely to be found in those students who demonstrated an internal locus of control. Rotter hypothesized that those with an internal locus of control are more likely then externals to gain information from situations, take the initiative to make change, place greater value on inner skill and achievement goals, and are more able to resisted manipulation by others. Weaknesses or Critique: There are not any right or wrong answers in this study. Everything is just based on one individual, which is time consuming for the ones doing the studies. Importance/Value: After being tested—easier to be placed in a fitting environment. It’s important for us to know control. Study #3 Reading 30; You’re getting defensive again Freud, A. (1946). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. New York: International Universities Press. Main focus or purpose: Sigmund Freuds discovery of ego defense mechanisms occurred gradually over 30 or more years as his experiences in dealing with psychological problems grew. Primary Research Methods: Freud claimed to have discovered the defense mechanisms gradually over many years of clinical interactions with his patients. Main Results Reported: Anna Freud identified 10 defense mechanisms that had been described by her father. Five of the original mechanisms that are commonly used and widely recognized today are discussed repression, regression, projection, reaction, formation, and sublimation. Weaknesses or Critique: researchers question some of Anna freuds theories. Do defense mechanisms really exist? Do they actually function unconsciously? Importance/Value: People now have a much better understanding of mechanisms. Study #4 Reading 31: Learning to be depressed Seigman, M. E. P. , maier, S. F (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Main focus or purpose: Martin Seligman (psychologist), proposed that our perceptions of power and control are learned from experience. Martin believes that a persons efforts at controlling certain life events fail repeatedly, the person may stop attempting to exercise control all together. Primary Research Methods: Subjects for this experiment were 24 â€Å"mongrel dogs†, 15 to 19 inches high at the shoulder and weighing between 25-29 pounds. The dogs were divided into 2 groups of 8. One group was the escape group and the other was the non-escape group. They were individually harnessed and but not completely unable to move. A series of shocks were given to the dogs to see which ones tried to escape. Main Results Reported: In the escape group the time it took for the dogs to press the shock panel quickly decreased over the 64 shocks. In the no escape group, panel pressing completely stopped after 30 tries. Weaknesses or Critique: It’s hard for some to read about animals being used for testing. It’s important for researchers to use them for answers but no abuse should ever take place. Importance/Value: We understand that individuals are more likely to become depressed if they lack control of of situational experience. Study #5 Reading 35: Projections of who you are Rorschach, H. (1942) Psychodiagnostics: A diagnostic test based on perception. New York: Grune Stratton Main focus or purpose: Roschach’s showed that in the course of interpreting random inkblot, attention would be drawn away from the persons so that his or her usual psychological defenses would be weakened. Primary Research Methods: Roschach form of interpretation test is administered simply by handing a person each figure, one at a time and asking, â€Å"What might this be? Participants were free to turn the card in ant direction and hold it as close to or as far from their eyes as they wish. You read "Hock" in category "Essay examples" Main Results Reported: He found that subjects generally gave a total of 5 to 30 totally responses to the 10 figures. Depressed individuals gave less answers, those that were happy gave more, and among the mentally ill answers varied. Weaknesses or Critique: Weather or not what Rorschach claime d to measure was accurate. Other researches suggest that there are better ways to test this. Importance/Value: Rorschach’s research will help studies that are done on the same concepts. Study #6 It’s Not Just About Salivating Dogs! Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned Reflexes. London: Oxford University Press. Main Focus or Purpose: In this study, Pavlov wanted to use physiological research involving the use of dogs as subjects to test the role of salvation on digestion. Test how, when, and why an animal would salivate, what could cause it†¦Unconditional reflex or conditioned reflexes? Primary Research Methods To test this, they would introduce various types of food or nonfood substances into a dogs mouth and observe the rate and amount of salvation. Then they would associate a sound or smell that would occur before that dog gets introduced to the food. Then after noticing that the bell leads to food the dog would therefore begin to salivate by just hearing the noise. Main Results Reported Pavlov theorized that the dogs had learned from experience in the lab to expect food following certain signals. Although these certain signals do not naturally produce salivation, the dogs came to associate them with the food and salivating with the expectancy of the foods arrival. Weaknesses or Critique There were no true weaknesses or critiques to this research and work. Importance/Value: This experiment and intense observation was very important because it is now universally accepted and has remained virtually unchanged since its conception. His theories of classical conditioning explain a major proportion of human behavior and helped launch psychology as a true science. Study #7 Little Emotional Albert Watson, J. B. , Rayner, R. (1920). Conditoned emotional Responses. Journal of Expiermental Pyschology, 3, 1-14. Main Focus or Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to test if our human behavior is based on that idea that we are motivated by unconscious instincts and repressed conflicts from early childhood. Primary Research Methods: The methods for this particular study were simple; they took 9 month old Albert from a hospital where he had been raised as an orphan since birth. They then wanted to see if Albert was naturally afraid of certain stimuli, they placed a white rat, a rabbit, a monkey, a dog and masks in front of him, and he naturally grabbed for most of the objects since they didn’t produce any fear (neutral stimuli). They then paired a loud frightening noise (unconditioned stimuli) with the presentation of each animal and he then cried every time, even just with the sight of the animal because he associated it with that same fear. Main Results Reported Albert was not originally afraid of the rats prior to the conditioning, but then after the conditioning he instantly feared the rat and even the Santa Clause mask that had a similar white appearance. Weaknesses or Critique: Study like this would not be acceptable now days. It is very questionable to ethical reasoning; to take a child at an early age and purposely frighten it is just not right. Importance/Value: This study succeeded to a large extent in convincing many in the psychological community that the emotional behavior could be conditioned through simple stimulus response techniques. Also proved that human behavior is based on that idea that we are motivated by unconscious instincts and repressed conflicts from early childhood. Study #8 Knock Wood! Skinner, B. F. (1948). Superstition in the pigeon. Journal of Expiermental Psychology, 38, 168-172 Main Focus or Purpose: Skinnier wanted to test if the reason people do superstitious acts (like knocking on wood for example), do this because they believe or presume a connection exists between the superstitious behavior in a certain setting and a reinforcing consequence exists. Primary Research Methods: The researchers used a empty cage or box that only had an empty dish or tray in which food is dispensed. This allows the researchers to have control over when the animal receives reinforcement, such as pellets of food. The early conditioning had a lever, which if pushed, would cause food to be dispensed. They then put pigeons into experimental cage for a few minutes each day, and then food reinforcement was delivered automatically every 15 seconds. Main Results Reported: In 6 out of 8 cases the resulting response were so clearly defined that two observers could agree perfectly in counting instances. Eventually, the pigeons behaved as if a certain behavior would produce the food, they became superstitious. Weaknesses or Critique: On the specific issue of superstitions, however, there appears to be less controversy and a rather wide acceptance of the learning process involved in their formation. Importance/Value: This was important because none of these behaviors had been observed in the birds prior to the condition procedure. Study #9 See Aggression†¦ Do Aggression! Bandura, A. , Ross, D. , Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575-582. Main Focus or Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine how children may learn to be aggressive. If they learn by observation and imitation or any other influential factors. Primary Research Methods: The researchers exposed children to adult models who behave either aggressively or non-aggressively. The children would then be tested in a new situation without the model present to determine to what extent they would imitate the acts of aggression they had observed in the adult. Main Results Reported: The children who were exposed to the violent models tended to imitate the exact violent behaviors they observed. Weaknesses or Critique: The results were so inconsistent in relation to the aggression-inhibiting effect of nonaggressive models that they were inconclusive. Importance/Value: This research formed the foundation for hundreds of studies over the past 45 years on the effects on children of viewing violence in person or in the media. Study #10 Just How Are You Intelligent? Gardner, H. (1938) Frames of Mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New Yorkk: Basic Books. Main Focus or Purpose: In this study, Garden wanted to test if there were multiple different types of intelligences rather than just one general intelligence that can be tested by an IQ test. He also wanted to further extend the theory of brain specialization, to see if different parts of the brain are responsible for different intelligences. Primary Research Methods: Gardner developed a set of eight indicators or â€Å"signs† that define an intelligence. Any intellectual ability, or set of abilities, will then be mapped onto these criterias. He separated the intelligences into 9 main ones: linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist, and existential and then performed test to determine what category or categories one might fall under. Main Results Reported: This study showed and proved that people are intelligent in many more ways than just â€Å"book smart†. It gave us proof that a student can still be very bright even if that student is struggling in math or English. Weaknesses or Critique: Many question, what about the children or adults with learning disabilities? But after these tests, Gardner then changed that into learning differences. Importance/Value: Hundreds of scientific articles and books now rest on Gardner’s theory. His theory has remained unchanged and survived for over two decades now and shows no sign of fading. He changed forever how the world looks at learning, teaching and intelligence. How to cite Hock, Essay examples

Moby Essays - Moby-Dick, Captain Ahab, Moby Dick, Whale,

Moby Dicks By Herman Melville Throughout the whole story the white whale is not only depicted as a an unexplainable force of nature but is also given an almost divine quality , he is constantly compared to God, and as the people fear and revere God they also fear Moby Dick and whales in general.The Whalers of the town see the whales not as thier prey but they see them as thier advisaries.An advisary that equals and often times surpasses them in prowess.From the begining of the film we are confronted with the image of the whale as the personificaion of power and strength ,as Stubb says in the inn "If God where to be any fish he would be a whale." From this qoute alone it is evident that the whale holds a great deal of power.It is also obvious that to confront a whale is much like confronting mother nature or even God , in both situations the odds are stacked heavily against you. It is apparent that Moby Dick is the personification of the wrathful persistancy of the Omnipotent , If not anywhere else this is most obviously displayed through the crews reactions to the whale , and the mythical legends that arise about the whale.One of the first remarks made about the whale is "Aye, it was Moby Dick that tore my Body and soul until they bled into each other." This qoute , by Captain Ahab , describes the whale as not only having power to destroy in the physical realm but to also to mame in the spirtual world as well.The many biblical allusions in the story reinforced the notion that Moby Dick is an instrument of God if not God himself. Ahab having accepted the fact that the beast was much more than an animal still persists in his quest for vengence , this constant struggle between Ahab and the whale is similar to mans ongoing conflict with god.Like Ahab no matter how often or in what manner God makes his will known to us we always seem to stray a way from that.Here Ahab, or man, does not only ignore the will God but he also challenges it.Moby Dick stays true to the role of God , that is he only alows you to defy him for so long , before exercising his power to destroy without compassion. Although there is clearly many things comparing Moby Dick to a god there is also a strict contrast , Starbuck who is obviously a devoute christian is the only person on the Peqod that seems to think that Moby Dick is nothing more than a whale, he says , "This whale is a dumb brute who acts out of instict." Starbuck fails to see the power that most of the other sailors believe the whale has.Consequently Starbuck also seems to be the only one on the ship that hasn't been tainted with the influence of paganism.Although the crew is mostly made up of christians thier actions on the boat closely resemble that of polytheistic cultures.The blood oaths that they take is a good example , showing that they are more accepting of a whale being a god than just simply an animal.Starbuck throughout the story never doubts the fact that Moby Dick is only a whale, which is evident when he says, "I do not fear Moby Dick I fear the wrath of God''. Here Starbuck is saying that even though he doesn't believe that the whale is anything more than a whale he does believe that the Almighty may be using Moby Dick as his vessel and thus by defying him they may be incuring the wrath of God.Another moment where Starbuck express his beliefs about the voyage is when he says , "Do ye not see that by serving Ahab we share in his blasphemy.", saying that by obeying Ahab in his defiance of god that the entire crew as insulted or aggravated God and by doing so have signed away thier souls. Although Moby Dick was viewed as god , an unstopable force of nature and as simply a whale it is apparent that he represents more.He represents the unatainable aspriations of man , the founatin of youth that will cause a man to purge his soul and cast away his humanity to achieve it.But all actions that man does to achieve it ,they are all an exercise in futility.The simple fact is that in this life there are things that are meant for you